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    Glossary

    Review some of the terminology used when exploring voluntary standards information. As there is not always common agreement on specific definitions, multiple definitions from the most influencial sources have been provided.
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  •    Definition  Source  Reference 
    I        
    Identity preservation (as a traceability model)  The identity preservation model requires physical separation, tracking and documentation at every stage of the supply chain. ITC Trade for Sustainable Development program (T4SD)
    ILO core conventions  The ILO's Governing Body has identified eight conventions as "fundamental", covering subjects that are considered as fundamental principles and rights at work:
    1- Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87)
    2- Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98)
    3- Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)
    4- Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)
    5- Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)
    6- Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)
    7- Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)
    8- Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)     		ILO ILO fundamental conventions
    ILO fundamental conventions  The ILO's Governing Body has identified eight conventions as "fundamental", covering subjects that are considered as fundamental principles and rights at work:
    1- Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87)
    2- Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98)
    3- Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)
    4- Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)
    5- Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)
    6- Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)
    7- Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)
    8- Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)     		ILO ILO fundamental conventions
    Impact  Structural and long term results of events, behavior or activities. Distinction is made between intended and unintended impacts. See also Consumer choice impact, compost impact. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2010
    Impartiality  Actual and perceived presence of objectivity.
    NOTE 1 Objectivity means that conflicts of interest do not exist or are resolved so as not to adversely influence subsequent activities of the certification body.
    NOTE 2 Other terms that are useful in conveying the element of impartiality are: objectivity, independence, freedom from conflict of interests, freedom from bias, lack of prejudice, neutrality, fairness, open-mindedness, even-handedness,
    detachment, balance.     		ISO ISO/IEC 17021:2006 (E)
    Inclusive improvement  Improvement with special attention for the weaker producers in the group and the weaker producer groups in the market. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2010
    Independent evaluation  An evaluation carried out by entities and persons free of the control of those responsible for the design and implementation of the development intervention. Note: the credibility of an evaluation depends in part on how independently it has been carried out. Independence implies freedom from political influence and organizational pressure. It is characterized by full access of information and by full autonomy in carrying out investigations and reporting findings. World Bank IEG - How to build M&E systems to support better governance (Keith Mackay), 2007
    Independent evaluation  An evaluation carried out by entities and persons free of the control of those responsible for the design and implementation of the development intervention.
    Note: The credibility of an evaluation depends in part on how independently it has been carried out. Independence implies freedom from political influence and organizational pressure. It is characterized by full access to information and by full autonomy in carrying out investigations and
    reporting findings.     		OECD OECD Glossary of terms in evaluation and results based management.
    Indicator  Quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect the changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance of a development actor. World Bank IEG - How to build M&E systems to support better governance (Keith Mackay), 2007
    Indicator  A summary measure that provides information on the state of, or change in, a system. OECD OECD Sustainable Development Glossary of Terms
    Indigenous communities  Tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural, and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by their own customs or traditions or by special laws or regulations. ILO  
    Industry or industry associations’ standards systems  Industryor industry associations' standards systems are standards and codes of best practice developed by specific industries of industry associations, based on best practices and requirements that promote enviroment and/or socio-economic development.Examples of industry or industry associations' standards are GlobalGap, the Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI), the British Retail Consortium Global Standards (BRC)… ITC Trade for Sustainable Development program (T4SD)
    Industry-led standard  Standard development and implementation led by industry as opposed to multi stakeholder or NGOs Aimee   
    Initiative  Group working with metrics which might influence or lead to the development of a voluntary standard (i.e. Keystone Field to Market). IISD State of Sustainability Initiatives - SSI
    Inspection  Examination of a product design, product, process or installation and determination of its conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgement, with general requirements.
    NOTE – Inspection of a process may include inspection of persons, facilities, technology and meth-odology.     		ISO ISO/IEC 17000
    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)  IPM is an approach to pest management that relies on comprehensive information of the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical and ecological means. TSPN TradeStandards.org 
    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)  Relies on comprehensive information of the life cycles of pests and diseases and their interaction with the environment. This information is combined with available pest and disease controlmethods to manage damage. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2010
    Interested party  Any person or group concerned with or directly affected by a standard. ISEAL Alliance Setting Social and Environmental Standards v5.0 - ISEAL Code of Good Practice
    Intergovernmental normative references  Intergovernmental normative references are those standards, codes, guidances adopted by an international group of stakeholders, most of the time governments and policymakers. Examples of intergovernmental normative references are the ISO standards, the Codex Alimentarius...  ITC Trade for Sustainable Development program (T4SD)
    Internal audit  A systematic and documented assessment or review of the implementation of the plan of a group, carried out by members of the group. See also: Self assessment. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2010
    Internal Control System - ICS  The part of a documented quality assurance system that allows an external certification body to delegate the periodical inspection of individual group members to an identified body or unit within the certified operator. This means that the third party certification bodies only have to inspect the well-functioning of the system IFOAM  
    Internal evaluation  Evaluation of a development intervention conducted by a unit and/or individuals reporting to the management of the donor, partner, or implementing organization. Related term: self-evaluation. OECD OECD Glossary of terms in evaluation and results based management.
    Internal evaluation  Evaluation of a development intervention conducted by a unit and/or individuals reporting to the management of the donor, partner, or implementing organization. Related term: self-evaluation World Bank IEG - How to build M&E systems to support better governance (Keith Mackay), 2007
    International standard  Standard that is adopted by an international standardizing/standards organization and made available to the public. ISO ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004
    Inter-operability  Standards systems build on or refer to existing standards where relevant and improve consistency in operating practices with other standards systems on a continuing basis. ISEAL Alliance Credibility principles - Public draft for comment 0.1, May, 2010
    Interpretive guidance  See Guide, guidance document ITC Trade for Sustainable Development program (T4SD)
    ISO 9001 Standards  Relate to the management system of an organization or producer group. Its requirements are generic irrespective of the type of production. It requires a documentation. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2010
    ISO 22000 Standards  Specify requirements for food safety. It integrates HACCP in management standards in order to identify, prevent and control food safety hazards in food chains. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2011
    ISO 31000 Standards  Provides guidance in risk management. HIVOS Glossary and Abbreviations for Inclusive Improvements in Chains, version 010.doc, Oct. 2012